The closures occurred as Indonesians began the annual trek to home towns for next week's Eid al-Fitr holiday to celebrate the end of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan.
"The sun was barely seen this morning. Cars and motorcycles have to turn on their headlights and people are wearing masks," Nordin, an activist from forestry conservation group Save Our Borneo, told AFP.
In Palangkaraya, meteorological agency official Ahmad Yani said the haze had restricted visibility to just 500 metres (546 yards), forcing the airport to stay shut, although scattered rains had improved the situation from Thursday.
A worker at Jambi airport said it remained closed indefinitely.
In South Sumatra's Palembang, one resident told AFP the haze had eased slightly compared with last week, but shoppers still had to brave eye-watering pollution as they bought holiday fare for Eid al-Fitr.
"The markets were full this morning. The haze was quite thick at around 8:00 am (0100 GMT), but has since cleared a bit. Some people are wearing masks and some are not," high school administration worker Sendari said.
The smoke haze from the fires, lit annually by plantation companies and farmers ahead of the planting season, has billowed across the region, blanketing neighbouring Singapore and parts of Malaysia.
Singapore's air quality worsened to unhealthy levels early on Friday and people with heart or respiratory ailments were again urged to stay indoors.
On Thursday, Malaysia's capital, Kuala Lumpur, was shrouded in haze for a second straight day at a level described as "unhealthy".
Visibility was about 2,000 metres in Indonesia's nearby Batam Island and an official at Hang Nadim airport said air traffic was operating normally.