A German water expert says not enough is being done to conserve the resource in Australia.
Ralph Otterpohl has addressed the Ozwater convention in Brisbane, which is being attended by over 2,500 international delegates.
Professor Otterpohl says Australia lags behind Europe in conservation technology, especially in the home.
"There's so little done on the most basic things of water conservation, like putting a little percolator on the tap," he said.
"It is really hard to understand for me that a country that has gone through couple of years of drought still doesn't do these simple things that cost near nothing."
Professor Otterpohl says new sanitation schemes could be the answer to Australia's water shortage.
He says conventional treatment systems use too much water to flush away sewerage that could be used as fertiliser, and that promising trials of re-use technology in Europe should be used in Australia.
"With this it could start in new developments, where you simply stop putting in big, huge systems from the beginning," he said.
"And then you could make this type of re-use system. And you can reduce actually the water consumption down to about 20 per cent."